Doctor Jurist

Khayal al-zill, imagination of the shadow, was a form of puppet play performed in medieval Cairo. Muhammad Ibn Daniyal, who died in 1311, an author not well known in the West and perhaps intentionally ignored in the Arab world, wrote biting texts for his puppet plays that suggest he was an Arab Aristophanes. His portrayal of the Cairo underworld, outsiders, and various sexual practices condemned by religious authorities surely couldn't have pleased the powers that be.

Theater in Egypt and Ibn Daniel's Perversities

The best edition, unfortunately only in Arabic, of these plays is by Paul Kahle, and was reviewed in Journal of the American Oriental Society, July-September 1994 by Everett K. Rowson, who goes to great length to detail the mistakes in the edition. This doesn't appear to be scholarly jealousy however, but sincere regret, and he lays the blame for some of the problems on Mr. Kahle's death which happened shortly before the edition was published.

Mr. Rowson has a succinct summary of the plots of the three plays, which is reproduced below:

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